Adolf Hitler Biography

Adolf Hitler’s 12 years as ruler of Germany, which led to the deaths of millions in World War II, have made him one of history’s most hated villains.

A decorated veteran of World War I, Adolf Hitler joined the German Workers’ Party in 1919, later renaming it the National Socialist German Workers Party (which was shortened to the Nazi Party). By 1921 he was the leader of the group, and in 1923 led an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the ruling German Weimar Republic. Adolf Hitler was sent to prison, where he wrote his manifesto, Mein Kampf (My Struggle), and he emerged from jail less than a year later as a populist spokesman for poor and nationalistic Germans.

With political ruthlessness, Hitler rocketed to national fame and was made chancellor in 1933. He suspended the constitution, forcibly suppressed all political opposition and brought the Nazi party to power by preaching that it was God’s will. He enforced his new rules with a brutal secret police (the Gestapo, directed by Heinrich Himmler) and formed concentration camps for the organized murder of Jews, Poles, Romani, homosexuals, and political opponents. This campaign of death, now called the Holocaust, killed at least six million Jews and five million others.

Hitler’s bullying, aggressive foreign policy led to the start of World War II in 1939. With a powerful air force (Luftwaffe) and “total war” economy (both directed by Hermann Göring), Nazis under Adolf Hitler had remarkable early success in the war, but in late 1941 the United States joined the war on the side of the United Kingdom and its allies, and by late 1942 the tide had turned.

By 1945, Allied troops from the west had crossed into Germany and were headed for Berlin, as were Soviet troops from the east. Adolf Hitler committed suicide in his command bunker in Berlin on April 30, 1945. A week later, Germany surrendered and the war in Europe ended.